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04  

 Planning Systems

Which types of by-laws exist outside the central legislative council(s) of the state and by whom are they adopted?

• Belarus
  No by-laws exist outside the central legislative council(s) of the state.
• Denmark
  No by-laws exist outside the central legislative council(s) of the state.
• Estonia
  No by-laws exist outside the central legislative council(s) of the state.
• Finland
  There are by-laws which are adopted by the building ordinance (a statutory local municipal code).
  
• Germany

  There are

  1. by-laws which are adopted by the council and
  2. ordinances which are adopted by officials.

  (see also DE Country and DE Planning System)
• Latvia
  There are by-laws existing (Binding regulations) which are adopted by the local councils.
  
• Lithuania
  By-laws do not exist for legislating laws, but for passing the resolutions and decrees (postlegal acts). These by-laws consist of regulations and schedules and are adopted by officials. (see also LT Planning System)
  
• Norway
  There are two by-laws:
  

  1. the subordinate legislation is adopted by officials of the central government administration and
  2. the articles of association are adopted by the municipal council.

  (see also NO Country and NO Planning System)
  
• Poland
  There are by-laws existing which are adopted by the local councils.
  
• Russia
  By-laws exist in the form of regional laws and municipal by-laws. They are adopted by municipal councils.
  
• Sweden
  As laws, by-laws can only be decided by the parliament in the field of planning.
  

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